Update on Alcohols in Hair Products
So previously I dropped some theories on alcohol, well here are the facts. I have focused on Isopropyl alcohol which was the main constituent in Yvonne's tonic. This alcohol is a 'proper' alcohol for lack of a better term (unlike the fatty alcohols like cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol).
The good news
Isopropyl alcohol is thought to evaporate off skin with 15-30 seconds. It therefore is not thought to absorb into the hair. A study on skin similarly agrees that is is not absorbed (Unwanted effects of cosmetics and drugs used in dermatology By Anton C. de Groot, Johan Pieter Nater, J. Willem Weyland)
I am however not certain what cleaning effect you would receive with the product evaporating so quickly.
The not so good news
Soaking hair in alcohol for several hours can weaken it. Note that several hours means 24 hours which is a longggggg time. This weakening applies to alcohol concentrations of around 50 -70% in water and is thought to be related to a mix of changes to the keratin fibre and dehydration of the hair (Nature 184 , p444, 1959 and J Soc Cosmet Chem, pp 695-704, 1977). Typically hair tonics are within this range.
Above 50-70%, hair soaked in alcohol does actually become stronger. (This does not mean purer alcohol is better, remember that studies are done on cut pieces of hair in the lab!)
As a final note, if you are using alcohol tonics, do be careful as inhalation can be mildly irritating to dangerous depending on the individual (Journal of Emergency Medicine pp 687-692, 1997).
The good news
Isopropyl alcohol is thought to evaporate off skin with 15-30 seconds. It therefore is not thought to absorb into the hair. A study on skin similarly agrees that is is not absorbed (Unwanted effects of cosmetics and drugs used in dermatology By Anton C. de Groot, Johan Pieter Nater, J. Willem Weyland)
I am however not certain what cleaning effect you would receive with the product evaporating so quickly.
The not so good news
Soaking hair in alcohol for several hours can weaken it. Note that several hours means 24 hours which is a longggggg time. This weakening applies to alcohol concentrations of around 50 -70% in water and is thought to be related to a mix of changes to the keratin fibre and dehydration of the hair (Nature 184 , p444, 1959 and J Soc Cosmet Chem, pp 695-704, 1977). Typically hair tonics are within this range.
Above 50-70%, hair soaked in alcohol does actually become stronger. (This does not mean purer alcohol is better, remember that studies are done on cut pieces of hair in the lab!)
As a final note, if you are using alcohol tonics, do be careful as inhalation can be mildly irritating to dangerous depending on the individual (Journal of Emergency Medicine pp 687-692, 1997).
1. When you say weaken hair do you mean dissolve the hair cuticle? (The alcohols that don't evaporate.) I actually heard about that from a hairstylist. Is there any evidence of that?
ReplyDelete2. Is this weakening temporary?
No the weakening as explained in these reference is due to rearrangement of the protein itself and possible substitution of water for alcohol withing the hair itself (i.e in the cortex).
ReplyDeleteThe type of alcohols (ethanol, isopropyl alcohol) used in hair products should all evaporate (exception are the fatty alcohols which are a special class and do not really behave like alcohols- such as cetyl and stearyl alcohol).
The studies only measured the strength of the hair after immersion in alcohol solutions. Therefore I cannot say if the weakening is temporary.
I still don't understand the need to formulate this alcohol in hair products such as conditioners, even if it is around where you would find the preservatives. I cannot wrap my brain around it. The same goes for when I see hydrogen peroxide in a hair conditioner too.
ReplyDelete